Rectal drain appliance

ABSTRACT

A rectal drainage appliance is disclosed comprising a tubular element having an inflatable balloon at a distal end for anchoring the appliance in the rectum. The appliance includes one or more of: (i) first and second auxiliary lumens communicating with the inflatable balloon to provide independent inflation and pressure monitoring paths coupled to the balloon; (ii) a pressure state indicator defined by a mechanical element configured to flip between first and second states or shapes responsive to sensed pressure; and (iii) a collapsible auxiliary lumen larger than the inflation lumen, and configured to permit admission of irrigation fluid. The pressure state indicator may also be used in intestinal drains.

CROSS-REFERENCE

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/224,278, filed Jul. 29, 2016, which is a continuation of application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/990,229, filed on Oct. 29, 2010, which is a U.S. National Phase of PCT/US09/42544, filed May 1, 2009, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/049,578, filed on May 1, 2008, each of which is entirely incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a rectal appliance in the form of a drain tube having an inflatable balloon insertable into the rectum in use. Another aspect of the invention relates to a pressure level indicator for indicating the pressure level within the inflatable balloon(s) of a rectal or intestinal drain.

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2005/054996 and 2005/137526 describe fecal management appliances in the form of elongate tubular elements. Each tubular element includes an inflatable balloon at the distal end, for anchoring the distal end in an operative position in the wearer's rectum. The tubular element includes a main drain passage, and two small-size auxiliary lumens, similar to each other and integrated into the wall of the drain passage. One of the lumens communicates with the balloon for passing inflation fluid between the balloon and an inflation port during inflation and deflation. The other of the lumens has an open end for injecting irrigation fluid from an irrigation port directly into the rectal cavity. The tubular element is collapsible in diameter, to facilitate passage through the anal sphincter. US-A-2005/054996 in particular emphasizes the significance of controlling carefully the inflation pressure in the balloon, to provide good anchoring in the rectum, while still ensuring normal blood perfusion in the soft tissue contacted by the balloon, and avoiding pressure necrosis of the soft tissue. In one form, pressure level indicators are used on the inflation lumen to provide a clinician with important indication of pressure. The pressure level indicators include a separate pressure sensor coupled to the inflation lumen near the inflation port, or a pressure indicator integrated in an inflation syringe, or spring loading the inflation syringe to act as a pressure stabilizer and indicator. The point at which a desired inflation pressure is reached, with respect to the volume of inflation fluid used, is also an important characteristic used by the clinician to assess whether the balloon is a correct size for a rectal cavity of the wearer. If an inflation pressure threshold is reached too quickly, this indicates that the balloon is too large; if an inflation pressure is never reached, this indicates that the balloon is too small.

Although not described explicitly in the above published applications, there are also several constraints affecting the size of the auxiliary lumens in the designs illustrated in these applications. Whereas the main tubular element is intended to be collapsible in diameter to facilitate passage through the anal sphincter, the auxiliary lumens have a small non-collapsing form to permit application of suction for forcibly withdrawing inflation fluid from the balloon when it is desired to deflate the balloon down to a minimum size. The non-collapsing nature of the lumens means that the lumens obstruct collapsing of the main tubular element. The auxiliary lumens are relatively small to minimize this obstructing effect, and enable the main tubular element to collapse to a desirably small form.

U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0312614 describes an ileostomy set used for drainage and collection of fluid/feces from the small intestine. This set includes a balloon catheter equipped with two balloons, a fixation balloon which is inflated in the large intestine and a blocking balloon which is inflated in the small intestine behind the Bauhin valve. Each of the balloons fills the entire lumen in which it is placed. The point at which a desired inflation pressure is reached in each of the balloons, with respect to the volume of inflation fluid used, is an important characteristic to assess whether each balloon is a correct size for the large and small intestine of the patient.

It would be desirable to further enhance the versatility and ease of use of such rectal drain appliances.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the invention provides a pressure level indicator for the inflatable balloon(s) of a rectal drainage catheter or an intestinal drain. The pressure level indicator includes a mechanical element that flips between first and second distinct physical states depending on sensed pressure. The states may be different shapes of the element. The mechanical element may have a three-dimensional shape, such as a dome shape, that flips between a non-inverted state, and an inverted state. In one state, the dome projects like a popped-up button; in the other state, the dome is depressed like a valley or well. The mechanical element may form an integrally molded part of a plastics housing. The provision of a mechanical element that flips its state can provide an instantly recognizable and unambiguous indication of a certain pressure state, and can also be easier and quicker for a clinician to assess than having to read off a measurement value from a variable scale of a pressure sensor. The mechanical element may also be more compact, and/or more lightweight, and/or less expensive to provide, than a conventional variable pressure sensor. The pressure level indicator of this aspect of the invention may be integrated as part of a disposable appliance, without any significant increase in cost. For example, the pressure level indicator may be integrated into an inflation port housing of the appliance.

The mechanical element may flip from the first state to the second state when the sensed pressure crosses (exceeds or drops below) a threshold with respect to external pressure acting on the element. The mechanical element may be configured to flip back to the first state should the sensed pressure re-cross the threshold in the opposite direction, so that the element always provides an indication of the current pressure state. Alternatively, the mechanical element may remain permanently in the second state to provide a permanent record that the pressure threshold was crossed.

Multiple mechanical elements may be provided that flip at different pressure thresholds. For example, two mechanical elements may be provided to show whether the inflation pressure is in a desired inflation range. Additionally, or alternatively, a first mechanical element may indicate that a desired inflation pressure has been attained for achieving desired anchoring of the appliance in the rectum, and a second mechanical element may indicate that a desired deflation pressure has been attained for allowing easy and safe removal of the appliance from the rectum.

Another aspect of the invention provides a rectal drainage appliance comprising an inflatable balloon for insertion into the rectum. The appliance comprises first and second auxiliary lumens communicating with the inflatable balloon. The first auxiliary lumen is used as an inflation lumen. The second auxiliary lumen is used as a pressure sensing lumen for providing a direct indication of inflation pressure in the balloon, independent of dynamic pressure drop in the inflation lumen.

This aspect of the invention arises from an appreciation that a small sized inflation lumen can impose a resistance to flow of inflation fluid, and create a dynamic pressure drop while there is a flow of inflation fluid into the balloon during inflation, or out of the balloon during deflation. The dynamic pressure drop means that a measurement of pressure at the inflation port might not be an accurate indication of pressure in the balloon at all times. The provision of a second auxiliary lumen provides direct sensing of the internal pressure in the balloon, and enables a clinician to have an accurate indication of this internal pressure unaffected by any dynamic pressure drop in the inflation lumen.

In a preferred form, at least the second lumen is prefilled with inflation fluid. This minimizes the pressure drop between the balloon and the mechanical element as the second lumen fills with inflation fluid.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a tubular element of a rectal drain appliance, the tubular element having a main drain passage, at least one non-collapsing (or non-collapsible) auxiliary lumen, and at least one collapsing (or collapsible) auxiliary lumen. The collapsing auxiliary lumen preferably has a larger cross-sectional area than the non-collapsing auxiliary lumen, at least when the collapsing auxiliary lumen is in a distended shape. The non-collapsing auxiliary lumen may communicate with an inflatable balloon provided at a distal end of the tubular element. The collapsing auxiliary lumen may communicate directly or indirectly with an open space at the distal end of the tubular element.

This aspect of the invention arises from an appreciation that, although an auxiliary lumen associated with an inflatable balloon is beneficially non-collapsing to allow the application of suction, there is less constraint for an auxiliary lumen for irrigation. The third aspect of the invention enables a relatively large auxiliary lumen for injecting irrigation fluid. As well as making irrigation easier, the lumen may also be used in more versatile ways, for example, allowing the insertion of a temperature sensor or other medical device into the rectal cavity, without interfering substantially with drainage. When the supply of irrigation fluid, or the medical device, is removed from that lumen, the lumen can collapse to a small size, so that the provision of the large auxiliary lumen does not obstruct the desired collapsing property of the tubular element.

Viewed in another aspect, the invention provides a rectal drainage appliance comprising a tubular element having an inflatable balloon at a distal end for anchoring the appliance in the rectum. The appliance includes one or more of: (i) first and second auxiliary lumens communicating with the inflatable balloon to provide independent inflation and pressure monitoring paths coupled to the balloon; (ii) a pressure state indicator defined by a mechanical element configured to flip between first and second states or shapes responsive to sensed pressure; and (iii) a collapsible auxiliary lumen larger than the inflation lumen, and configured to permit admission of irrigation fluid or a medical device via the collapsible lumen to the distal end of the appliance.

An additional aspect of the invention is a pressure indicator or inflation port configured to act as an inflation fluid admission and withdrawal point for controlling the inflation state for each of the inflatable balloons of an intestinal drain of the type shown in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0312614.

The above aspects may be used in combination, or any two of the above aspects may be selectively combined together, or any aspect may be used independently of the others. While features believed to be of importance have been emphasized above and in the following claims and description, the Applicant may seek to claim protection for any novel feature of idea disclosed herein and/or illustrated in the drawings whether or not emphasis has been placed thereon.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a first embodiment of a rectal drainage appliance.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the line II-II of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing in isolation the pressure indicator or inflation port of the first embodiment or an intestinal drain including an integrated pressure sensor.

FIG. 4(a) is a schematic sectional view illustrating a first configuration of molded mechanical element for the pressure indicator/inflation port.

FIG. 4(b) illustrates a flipped state of the first configuration of molded mechanical element for the pressure indicator/inflation port.

FIG. 5(a) is a schematic sectional view illustrating a second configuration of molded mechanical element for the pressure indicator/inflation port.

FIG. 5(b) illustrates a flipped state of the second configuration of molded element for the pressure indicator/inflation port.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing an alternative pressure indicator in a second embodiment of the pressure indicator/inflation port, including multiple state indicators.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an alternative pressure indicator/inflation port in a third embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic partial view of a fourth embodiment of a rectal drainage appliance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The same reference numerals denote similar or equivalent features in each embodiment. Additional constructional details for rectal drainage tubes may be found in the aforementioned U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2005/054996 and 2005/137526, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 , a rectal drainage appliance 10 generally comprises a flexible elongate tubular element 12 defining a drain channel 14 for passage of stool. The element 12 has a distal end 16 for insertion through the anus into the rectum of a wearer, and a proximal end 18 for coupling to a fecal collector (not shown) such as a pouch. Typically, element 12 is about 1.5 m long, and has an outer diameter of about 23 mm. The element 12 can collapse down to about 8 mm in diameter to facilitate passage through the anal sphincter. The element 12 is typically made of soft plastics, such as silicone. The element 12 may be provided with an additional odor barrier layer, or a separate odor barrier sleeve (not shown), to obstruct transpiration of malodors through the wall of the drain channel 14.

An inflatable balloon 20 is provided at the distal end 16, for anchoring the distal end 16 inside the rectum. The inflatable balloon 20 is generally cuff or toroid shaped, and extends around the distal end 16. The inflatable balloon 20 may be configured of material that stretches elastically as the balloon 20 inflates, but it is preferred that the balloon 20 be pre-formed in an inflated shape. Such pre-forming enables the inflation pressure to be reduced in use, because there is little or no elastic return force in the balloon wall acting against desired inflation.

The tubular element 12 comprises first and second auxiliary lumens 22, 24 that both communicate with the balloon 20. The lumens 22, 24 may be of about the same size (e.g., cross-section area) or the second lumen 24 may be smaller than the first lumen 22. One of the lumens 22, 24, for example the first lumen 22, is used as an inflation lumen for passing inflation fluid between the balloon 20 and an inflation port 26, for inflating or deflating the balloon 20 when desired. The other lumen, for example the second lumen 24, is used as a pressure sense lumen for providing a direct indication of pressure inside the balloon 20, independent of any dynamic pressure drop in the inflation lumen 22, as explained below.

The first and second auxiliary lumens 22, 24 are configured to be substantially non-collapsing in use, in order to allow the application of suction for forcibly withdrawing inflation fluid and deflating the balloon 20 completely down to a minimum size. This applies for both elastic and pre-formed types of balloon, but is especially important for the pre-formed type because there is no elastic return force in the balloon wall tending to act to expel inflation fluid. In order to avoid the non-collapsing auxiliary lumens 22, 24 from compromising desired collapsing of the element 12 overall, the first and second lumens 22, 24 are relatively small in size (e.g., a diameter of about 2 mm or less). Such a small diameter size can impose a resistance to substantial volume flow of inflation fluid in the lumen 22, 24, thereby causing a dynamic pressure drop in the inflation lumen 22 during inflation or deflation of the balloon 20. The dynamic pressure drop creates a difference between the fluid pressure P_(B) within the balloon 20, and the fluid pressure P_(IP) seen at the inflation port end of the inflation lumen 22. This can make pressure measurements taken from the inflation lumen 22 inaccurate, or at least ambiguous, during inflation or deflation until fluid flow has stopped. However, the provision of an additional pressure sense lumen 24 in the present embodiment enables direct sensing of fluid pressure P_(B) within the balloon 20, using a path that is significantly less affected by dynamic pressure drop resulting from volume flow in the inflation lumen 22. Since the pressure sensing apparatus will generally not itself cause significant volume flow, the sensed pressure P_(S) at the proximal end of the sensing lumen 24 is a much more accurate, stable, unambiguous and continuous representation of the fluid pressure P_(B) within the balloon 20 throughout inflation and deflation processes. Moreover, since the both auxiliary lumens 22, 24 have non-collapsing walls, the auxiliary lumen 24 also allows accurate sensing of low pressure in the balloon 20 as a result of application of suction to deflate the balloon 20. This enables a clinician to observe the inflation pressure reliably, and also the point at which the inflation pressures reaches a certain level for assessing whether the balloon size is in fact suitable for the wearer. At least the second auxiliary lumen 24 may be pre-filled with inflation fluid to allow immediate use, without requiring any air to be expelled, or additional filling of inflation fluid to ready appliance before use.

In the present embodiment, the first and second auxiliary lumens 22, 24 are grouped together into a common extrusion 30. The extrusion 30 has a generally figure-of-8, or “B” shape. The first and second auxiliary lumens 22, 24 may be independent lumens within, or outside, the tubular element 12, but in the preferred form at least one (and preferably both) of the lumens 22, 24 are attached to, or integrally molded with, the tubular element 12 along a significant portion of the auxiliary lumen length.

Also in the present embodiment, the sensing lumen 24 leads to the same housing 32 as that containing or carrying the inflation port 26. The housing 32 further comprises or carries first and second nodes 33 coupled to the auxiliary lumens 22, 24. In one form, the housing 32 may comprise or carry an additional pressure sensing port (not shown) for allowing connection of an external pressure sensor (not shown) for monitoring the sensed pressure via the sensing lumen 24. However, in the preferred form, the housing 32 includes an integral pressure indicator 34 responsive to the pressure sensed via the sensing lumen 24.

Referring to FIGS. 3-5 , the pressure (or pressure state) indicator 34 comprises a mechanical element 36 that flips between first and second distinct physical states (e.g., shapes) depending on the sensed pressure. In the illustrated form, the mechanical element 36 has an inverting three-dimensional shape, such as a dome shape, the inverted or non-inverted state of which indicates the pressure level state. In one state, the dome projects like a popped-up button; in the other state, the dome is depressed like a valley or well. The mechanical element 36 is an integrally molded part of the housing 32. The mechanical element 36 may flip from the first state to the second state when the sensed pressure crosses (exceeds or drops below) a pressure threshold with respect to external pressure acting on the element. FIG. 4(a) shows a first configuration of mechanical element 36 molded in a first depressed state, and FIG. 4 b ) shows the mechanical element 36 of the first configuration flipping to a second projecting state when the pressure P+ behind the element 36 exceeds ambient external pressure by a certain threshold. FIG. 5(a) shows an alternative second configuration of mechanical element 36 molded in a first projecting state, and FIG. 45(b) shows the mechanical element 36 of the second configuration flipping to a second depressed state when the pressure P− behind the element drops below ambient external pressure by a certain threshold.

The pressure (differential) at which the mechanical element 36 flips may be set by design of the material properties, the geometry of the three-dimensional shape, and the thickness and resilience of the element 36. Additionally, an auxiliary reinforcing member (not shown) may be used to reinforce the element 36 and provide additional control. The mechanical element 36 may be configured to flip back to the first state should the sensed pressure re-cross the threshold in the opposite direction, so that the element 36 always provides an indication of the current pressure state. Alternatively, the mechanical element 36 may be configured to remain permanently in the second state, thereby providing a permanent record that the pressure threshold was crossed.

As best seen in FIG. 3 , during manufacture, the housing 32 is molded with an internal cavity with a temporary opening 38 on one side in which a mold core is received for molding the interior shape of the mechanical element 36. In order to complete the housing 32, the temporary opening 38 is later plugged or sealed closed (for example, by welding or adhesive).

The use of mechanical element 36 to indicate pressure by flipping between distinct states (e.g., shapes) can provide an instantly recognizable and unambiguous indication of a certain pressure state, and can also be easier and quicker for a clinician to assess than having to read off a measurement value from a variable scale of a pressure sensor. The mechanical element 36 may enable the pressure indicator 34 to be any of more compact, more lightweight, and/or less expensive than a conventional variable pressure sensor. The pressure indicator 34 is thus suitable to be included as an integral part of a disposable rectal drainage appliance 10. The pressure (or pressure state) indicator 34 having mechanical element 36 may also be used in an intestinal drainage or drain appliance device having an inflatable balloon, see, e.g., U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0312614.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-5 , the pressure indicator 34 includes a single mechanical element 36 that is configured to represent a single pressure state, such as a predetermined inflation pressure level having been reached (using the first configuration of FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b)). The second embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 provides two or more mechanical elements 36 a, 36 b, etc. each configured to indicate a respective different pressure state. For example, first and second mechanical elements 36 a, 36 b may be provided to show whether the inflation pressure is in a desired inflation range, the lower limit of which is indicated using one mechanical element 36 a, and the upper level of which is indicated by the other mechanical element 36 b. Both mechanical elements 36 a and 36 b may be of the first configuration (FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b)). This can enable the clinician to determine whether the inflation pressure is within an optimum operative range, even if the range is relatively narrow. Additionally, or alternatively, the first mechanical element 36 a may indicate that a desired inflation pressure has been attained for achieving desired anchoring of the appliance in the rectum, and a further mechanical element (e.g., 36 b or 36 c) may indicate that a desired deflation or suction pressure has been attained in the balloon 20, ensuring that the balloon 20 is in its fully collapsed form allowing easy and safe removal of the appliance 10 from the rectum. This further element may be of the second configuration (FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b)).

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 2 , the tubular element 12 further comprises a collapsing auxiliary lumen 50. The collapsing lumen 50 has a cross-sectional area (when in a distended state indicated in phantom) larger than that of each of the first and second non-collapsing lumens 22, 24. In one form, the collapsing lumen 50 has a distended cross-sectional diameter of between about 2 mm and 5 mm. The collapsing lumen 50 communicates directly or indirectly with the opening at the distal end 16 of the tubular element 12. In use, the collapsing lumen 50 permits easy injection of irrigating fluid into the rectal cavity via the lumen 50. The large size of the lumen 50 allows easier flow of irrigation fluid at a lower pressure than does, for example, a relatively small size irrigation lumen used in the prior art. The large size of the lumen 50 also permits easy insertion of a medical device (for example, a temperature sensor) into the rectal cavity, which might not be possible, at least not as easily practicable, using the relatively small auxiliary lumen of the prior art. When the source of irrigation fluid, or the medical device, is removed, the lumen 50 can collapse down to its compact state. Either the wall of the lumen 50 is resilient to collapse the lumen 50 with a resilient return force to its compact state, or the wall of the lumen 50 is flexible to permit collapsing when the lumen 50 is compressed. Therefore, the provision of lumen 50 does not compromise the desired collapsing of the tubular element 12, nor does it obstruct substantially drainage of effluent via the drain channel 14 within the tubular element 12 when the lumen 50 is in its normal collapsed or compact state.

It will be appreciated that any of the ideas of (i) the collapsing lumen 50, (ii) the dual lumens 22, 24 communicating with the inflatable balloon 20, and (iii) the pressure indicator 34, may be used selectively in combination with, or independently of, any of the other ideas. However, greater synergy results as more of the ideas are combined.

Referring to FIG. 7 , a pressure indicator 60 is shown similar to the pressure indicator 34 described previously, except that the pressure indicator 60 does not communicate with a dedicated sense lumen, and instead is responsive to the inflation pressure in the inflation lumen 22. The pressure indicator 60 is integrated into the housing 32, and communicates directly with the port 26 and the lumen 22. This embodiment may be useful to implementing an alternative pressure indicator for existing designs of tubular element without a dedicated sense lumen independent of the inflation lumen 22, such as the appliances described in the aforementioned U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2005/054996 and 2005/137526.

Referring to FIG. 8 , a fourth embodiment is illustrated implementing the collapsing auxiliary lumen 50 communicating with the distal end 16, and the dual non-collapsing lumens 22, 24 communicating with the balloon 20. An alternative pressure sensor 70 is provided coupled to the sense lumen 24. The pressure sensor 70 comprises a housing 72 containing a plunger 74 biased by a spring 76. At least a portion of the housing 72 is transparent to permit viewing of the position of the plunger 74, which position is directly indicative of the balloon pressure sensed via the sense lumen 24.

The foregoing description illustrates preferred embodiments of the invention. Many equivalents, modifications and improvements may be used without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. 

1-18. (canceled)
 19. A rectal drainage appliance, comprising: a tubular element defining a drain passage for effluent from a rectum; an inflatable balloon at a distal end of the tubular element for insertion into the rectum; an inflation lumen in fluid communication with the inflatable balloon for passage of an inflation fluid into the balloon; and a pressure sense lumen in fluid communication with the inflatable balloon such that an inflation pressure of the balloon is operable to be sensed via the pressure sense lumen.
 20. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 19, wherein the pressure sense lumen is in fluid communication with the inflation lumen solely via the inflatable balloon.
 21. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 19, wherein the inflation lumen has a distal end open to the inflatable balloon and an opposite proximal end open to an inflation port.
 22. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 19, wherein the pressure sense lumen has a distal end open to the inflatable balloon and an opposite proximal end in communication with a pressure indicator.
 23. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 22, wherein the pressure indicator comprises a mechanical element that transitions between a first state and a second state to thereby indicate that pressure in the inflatable balloon has crossed a threshold pressure.
 24. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 23, wherein the mechanical element comprises an invertible dome.
 25. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 22, wherein the pressure indicator comprises a mechanical element that transitions from a first state to a second state in response to a sensed pressure exceeding a threshold pressure.
 26. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 25, wherein the mechanical element is configured to return from the second state to the first state in response to the sensed pressure returning to below the threshold pressure.
 27. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 26, wherein the mechanical element is configured to remain in the second state when the sensed pressure returns to below the threshold pressure, thereby providing a permanent indication that the threshold pressure has been exceeded.
 28. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 22, wherein the pressure indicator defines a closed end for the pressure sense lumen.
 29. The rectal drainage appliance of claim 19, further comprising a housing, the housing defining an open end of the inflation lumen and a closed end of the pressure sense lumen.
 30. A method, comprising: inflating an inflatable balloon of a rectal drainage appliance via an inflation lumen in fluid communication with the inflatable balloon; and sensing a pressure in the inflatable balloon via a pressure sense lumen in fluid communication with the inflatable balloon; wherein the inflation lumen and the pressure sense lumen comprise separate and distinct fluid pathways.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the pressure sense lumen is in fluid communication with the inflation lumen only via the inflatable balloon
 32. The method of claim 30, wherein the pressure sense lumen is a closed lumen comprising a pressure indicator.
 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising indicating, by the pressure indicator, that a threshold pressure has been exceeded in response to the sensed pressure exceeding a threshold pressure.
 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the indicating comprises causing a mechanical element of the pressure indicator to transition from a first state to a second state in response to the sensed pressure exceeding the threshold pressure.
 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising causing the mechanical element to transition from the second state to the first state in response to the sensed pressure falling below the threshold pressure.
 36. The method of claim 34, further comprising causing the mechanical element to remain in the second state when the sensed pressure falls below the threshold pressure, thereby providing a permanent indication that the threshold pressure has been exceeded.
 37. The method of claim 30, further comprising: in response to the pressure exceeding a threshold pressure, indicating by a pressure indicator that the pressure exceeds the threshold pressure.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the inflating comprises passing inflation fluid through an open port of the inflation lumen; wherein the port is formed in a housing; and wherein the housing comprises the pressure indicator. 